'Active-Passive Voice' in English Grammar
In English grammar, understanding Active and Passive Voice is essential. Both forms help express the same idea but in different ways. Let's dive into what they are, how they work, and where students often make mistakes.
What is Active Voice?
In Active Voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. It is direct and straightforward, making sentences clear and easy to understand.
(Active voice માં , વાક્યનો કર્તા ક્રિયા કરે છે. તે સીધે સીધું છે, જે વાક્યોને સ્પષ્ટ અને સમજવામાં સરળ બનાવે છે.)
Example:
The teacher explains the lesson.
Subject: teacher (શિક્ષક)
Verb: explains (સમજાવે છે.)
Object: lesson (પાઠ)
→ શિક્ષક પાઠ સમજાવે છે.
What is Passive Voice?
In Passive Voice, the focus shifts to the action or the object of the sentence. The subject receives the action rather than performing it.
(Passive voice માં ધ્યાન ક્રિયા અથવા વાક્યના કર્મ પર શિફ્ટ થાય છે. કર્તા ક્રિયા કરવાને બદલે પ્રાપ્ત કરે છે.
Example:
The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Object: lesson (પાઠ)
Verb: is explained (સમજાવવામાં આવે છે.)
Subject: teacher (શિક્ષક)
→ પાઠ શિક્ષક દ્વારા સમજાવવામાં આવે છે.
How to Change Active Voice to Passive Voice
To convert a sentence from active to passive:
1. Move the object of the active sentence to the subject position in the passive sentence.
(Active વાક્યના કર્મને passive વાક્યમાં કર્તા સ્થાન પર ખસેડો.)
2. Use the correct form of the verb "to be" (is, are, was, were, etc.).
"to be" (is, are, was, were, વગેરે) ક્રિયાપદના સાચા સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરો.
3. Use the 'past participle'(V3) form of the main verb.
(મુખ્ય ક્રિયાપદના 'ભૂત કૃદંત' સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરો.)
4. Add "by" before the original subject (if needed).
મૂળ કર્તા પહેલાં "by" ઉમેરો (જો જરૂરી હોય તો)
Active: The chef cooked the meal.
→ રસોઇયાએ ભોજન બનાવ્યું
Passive: The meal was cooked by the chef.
→ ભોજન રસોઇયા દ્વારા બનાવવામાં આવ્યું.
Common Mistakes Students Make
1. Incorrect Verb Form
Students often use the wrong form of the verb in passive sentences. For example, using the base verb instead of the past participle.
Mistake: The meal is cook by the chef.
Solution: Always use the past participle in passive form.
Correct: The meal is cooked by the chef.
2. Missing "by" or Incorrect Placement
Students forget to use "by" or place it incorrectly in the sentence.
Mistake: The lesson is explained teacher.
Solution: Always use "by" before the subject in passive sentences.
Correct: The lesson is explained by the teacher.
3. Tense Confusion
Students sometimes forget to change the form of "to be" according to the tense of the original sentence.
Mistake: The car is fixed by the mechanic (when talking about the past).
Solution: Adjust the verb "to be" to match the tense of the original sentence.
Correct: The car was fixed by the mechanic.
When to Use Passive Voice?
While active voice is clearer, passive voice is useful when:
→The doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.
Example:
The window was broken (we don't know who broke it).
(બારી તૂટી ગઈ હતી.)
→You want to emphasize the action over the subject.
Example:
The project was completed on time.
(પ્રોજેક્ટ સમયસર પૂર્ણ થયો હતો.)
Active-Passive Tense Chart
Quick Tips:
→Focus on object-verb-subject order in passive voice.
→Always use the past participle of the verb in passive forms.
→Check if the "to be" verb matches the tense of the original sentence.
Conclusion
Mastering active and passive voice will improve your writing skills and make your sentences clearer. Focus on avoiding common mistakes, especially with verb forms and tense. Keep practicing!
Active અને Passive Voice બંને સમજવા માટે સરળ છે. Active Voice માં કર્તા ક્રિયા કરે છે, જ્યારે Passive Voice માં કર્તા ક્રિયા પ્રાપ્તિ પામે છે. Passive Voice બનાવવા માટે સાવધાન રહેવું કે ક્રિયાપદ અને "to be" નું સાચું સ્વરૂપ વાપરવું જરૂરી છે.